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Denial of Peter
The Denial of Peter (or Peter's Denial) refers to three acts of denial of Jesus by the Apostle Peter as described in all four Gospels of the New Testament.〔''Theological dictionary of the New Testament'' by Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey William Bromiley, Gerhard Friedrich 1980 ISBN 0-8028-2248-7 page 105〕
All four Canonical Gospels state that during Jesus' Last Supper with his disciples, he predicted that Peter would deny knowledge of him, stating that Peter would disown him before the rooster crowed the next morning. Following the arrest of Jesus Peter denied knowing him thrice, but after the third denial, heard the rooster crow and recalled the prediction as Jesus turned to look at him. Peter then began to cry bitterly.〔''Peter: apostle for the whole church'' by Pheme Perkins 2000 ISBN 0-567-08743-3 page 85〕 This final incident is known as the Repentance of Peter.〔''The Gospel according to Matthew, Volume 1'' by Johann Peter Lange 1865 Published by Charles Scribner Co, NY page 499〕
The emotional turmoil and turbulent emotions behind Peter's denial and later repentance have been the subject of major works of art for centuries. Examples include Caravaggio's ''Denial of Saint Peter'', which is now at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The incidents have also inspired segments in various films related to the life and death of Jesus Christ (for instance, when Francesco De Vito performed as Peter in ''The Passion of the Christ'') as well as references in musical works, both religious and secular.
==Biblical accounts==
The prediction, made by Jesus during the Last Supper that Peter would deny and disown him, appears in the Gospel of Matthew , the Gospel of Mark , the Gospel of Luke and the Gospel of John . According to the Gospel of Matthew:
Peter replied, "Even if all fall away on account of you, I never will." "I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "This very night, before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times." But Peter declared, "Even if I have to die with you, I will never disown you." And all the other disciples said the same.〔(Bible gateway Matthew 26:33-35 NIV )〕
Later that night, Jesus was arrested. The first denial to a servant girl in is as follows:
Then they seized him and led him away, bringing him into the high priest's house. Peter followed at a distance and when they had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter sat down with them. A servant girl saw him seated there in the firelight. She looked closely at him and said, "This man was with him." But he denied it. "Woman, I don't know him," he said.〔(Biblegateway Luke 22:55-57 NIV )〕
The second denial to the same girl in is:
When the servant girl saw him there, she said again to those standing around, "This fellow is one of them." Again he denied it.
〔(Biblegateway Mark 14:69-70 NIV )〕
The third denial to a number of people, is emphatic as he curses according to :
After a little while, those standing there went up to Peter and said, "Surely you are one of them, for your accent gives you away." Then he began to call down curses on himself and he swore to them, "I don't know the man!" Immediately a rooster crowed. Then Peter remembered the word Jesus had spoken: "Before the rooster crows, you will disown me three times." And he went outside and wept bitterly.〔(Biblegateway Matthew 26:73-75 NIV )〕
The Gospel of Luke describes the moment of the last denial as follows:
About an hour later another asserted, "Certainly this fellow was with him, for he is a Galilean." Peter replied, "Man, I don't know what you're talking about!" Just as he was speaking, the rooster crowed. The Lord turned and looked straight at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word the Lord had spoken to him: "Before the rooster crows today, you will disown me three times." And he went outside and wept bitterly.
〔(Biblegateway Luke 22:59-62 NIV )〕
The Gospel of John describes the account of the three denials as follows:
Simon Peter and another disciple were following Jesus. Because this disciple was known to the high priest, he went with Jesus into the high priest’s courtyard, but Peter had to wait outside at the door. The other disciple, who was known to the high priest, came back, spoke to the girl on duty there and brought Peter in. "You are not one of his disciples, are you?" the girl at the door asked Peter. He replied, "I am not." ... As Simon Peter stood warming himself, he was asked, "You are not one of his disciples, are you?" He denied it, saying, "I am not." One of the high priest's servants, a relative of the man whose ear Peter had cut off, challenged him, "Didn't I see you with him in the olive grove?" Again Peter denied it, and at that moment a rooster began to crow.
〔(Biblegateway John 18:13-27 NIV )〕
Following the resurrection of Jesus, the Gospel of John narrates how Jesus asked Peter three times if Peter loved him, pointing to the rehabilitation of Peter following his repentance.〔''Repentance in Christian theology'' by Mark J. Boda, Gordon T. Smith 2006 ISBN 0-8146-5175-5 page 110〕
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